Prevalence Of Bronchitis Symptoms Research Articles

Association of Changes in Air Quality With Bronchitic Symptoms in Children in California, 1993-2012

K Berhane, ML Chang, R McConnell. JAMA. 2017;315(14):1491–1501 Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient air pollutants is associated with increases in the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms in children. The authors hypothesized that reductions in measured air pollutants over the periods studied would be associated with an improvement in respiratory symptoms in children with or without asthma. Data were collected from 3 successively recruited cohorts involving 4602 children (48% female subjects, age range of 5–18 years, mean age of 8 years, 45% Hispanic) from 8 Southern California communities during the years 1993 to 2001, 1996 to 2004, and 2003 to 2012. This was a longitudinal study with data from the 3 separate …

Roles of pollution in the prevalence and exacerbations of allergic diseases in Asia

The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has been found to be increasingly rapidly, especially in developing countries. Environmental factors have been found to be important contributors to the manifestations of allergic diseases. Air pollution has been extensively studied in different regions of the world. The levels of ambient air pollutants in many Asian countries are very high when compared with those in developed Western countries. However, the prevalence of asthma was relatively low across many Asian countries. Many studies have clearly documented that environmental air pollution is an important factor resulting in exacerbations of asthma. In particular, levels of traffic-related pollutants are increasing rapidly across many Asian countries in parallel with the level of urbanization and economic development. The loss of protective factors associated with a rural environment will further contribute to the adverse effect on patients with allergic diseases such as asthma. In this review the roles of air pollution were examined in relation to the inception and exacerbations of allergic diseases in Asia.

Air Pollution and Prevalence of Bronchitic Symptoms Among Children in Taiwan

There were limited studies concerning ambient air pollution exposure on development of bronchitic symptoms among children. These studies provided suggestive but inconclusive results. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the association between air pollutants and the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms in the Taiwan Children Health Study. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 5,049 Taiwanese children in 2007. Routine air pollution monitoring data were used for sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxides (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), carbon monoxide (CO), and particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)). The exposure parameters were calculated using the between-community 3-year average concentration. The effect estimates were presented as odds ratios (ORs) per interquartile changes for SO(2), NO(2), O(3), CO, and PM(2.5). In the two-stage hierarchical model adjusting for confounding, the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms with asthma was positively associated with the between-community 3-year average concentrations of NO(2) (adjusted OR, 1.81 per 8.79 ppb; 95% CI, 1.14-2.86), and CO (OR, 1.31 per 105 ppb; 95% CI, 1.04-1.64). The prevalence of phlegm with no asthma was related to O(3) (OR, 1.32 per 8.77 ppb; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). The results suggest that long-term exposure to outdoor air pollutants, such as NO(2), CO, and O(3), may increase the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms among children.

Alpha1-Antitrypsin: The PiMM Subtypes: Do They Play a Role in Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases?

In a comparative study, we examined 324 sera of the PiMM phenotype by isoelectric focusing. Sera were obtained from 254 healthy individuals, and from 70 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All individuals were examined, a detailed history and chest x-ray films were taken, and lung function tests were performed. The classification into PiMM subtypes according to a modified method, originally described by Genz et al, showed a significantly higher number of subtypes, containing more slowly migrating protein fractions (M2) in the group of patients. Since the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms is unusually common in industry, in workers who are exposed to dust and smoke tobacco, these findings are important, especially in regard to prophylactic measures in industry.

A survey of respiratory disease in cotton operatives. II. Symptoms, dust estimations, and the effect of smoking habit.

<b>Fox, A. J., Tombleson, J. B. L., Watt, A., and Wilkie, A. G. (1973).</b><i>Brit. J. industr. Med.,</i><b>30,</b> 48-53. <b>A survey of respiratory disease in cotton operatives. Part II. Symptoms, dust estimations, and the effect of smoking habits.</b> In association with a survey of cotton workers dust levels were measured in 11 of the mills. Levels varied from 1·15 mg/m³ to 4·8 mg/m³ excluding fly. Analysis of the survey of workers in relation to the dust levels showed an increase in abnormal symptoms and a greater reduction in ventilatory function in those exposed to the higher dust concentrations. No such relationship was found between dust concentration and prevalence of bronchitic symptoms. Smokers showed a higher frequency of byssinotic symptoms and a greater loss of ventilatory function than non-smokers at all levels of dust exposure. The correlation between dust levels and the frequency of byssinotic symptoms and the loss of ventilatory function was increased by including a time factor. By expressing the dust exposure as mg years/m³ it can be predicted that approximately 10% of subjects exposed to 0·5 mg/m³ of dust for 40 years will have the symptoms of byssinosis.